Monday, June 9, 2014

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               In               this               example               we               will               obtain               several               beam               size               options               for               a               specific               set               of               conditions,               specifically:               23               foot               (ft)               span               from               support               to               support;               applied               loading               is               600               pounds               per               linear               foot               (plf)               Snow               load               and               150               plf               Dead               load.

The               beam               will               be               a               common               Western               species               Glued               Laminated               Timber               (Glulam)               beam.

We               will               use               the               Beam               Capacity               Tables               provided               by               the               American               Institute               of               Timber               Construction               as               design               aids.

The               total               anticipated               length               is               24               ft.

In               particular               we               will               find               several               commonly               available               beam               sizes.

For               each               size               we               will               also               calculate               the               beam               weight               and               `Board               Foot'               lumber               input.
               The               total               applied               load               to               the               beam               is
               ...

w               TL               =               600               plf               Snow               load               +               150               plf               Dead               load               =               750               plf               Total               load.
               Whatever               beams               we               pick               must               also,               obviously,               be               able               to               also               carry               themselves.

As               such,               we               will               use               the               AITC               Beam               Capacity               Tables               looking               for               beams               that               can               carry               750,               plus               at               least               a               little               bit               more.

Using               AITC               Table               DF-26,               Roof               Beam               Capacity               Table               for               Western               Species               Beams               subject               to               Snow               load               we               obtain               the               following               options.

Note               that               the               beam               weights               are               also               provided               by               the               Table.
               Beam               Options:
               3-1/8               in.

x               ...

nothing;
               5-1/8               in.

x               16-1/2               in.,               carries               776               plf,               and               weighs               20.6               plf;
               6-3/4               in.

15               in.,               carries               830               plf,               and               weighs               24.6               plf.
               Note:               the               3-1/8               in.

width               cuts               off               at               19-1/2               in.

for               depth               in               the               Table.

It's               quite               possible               that               a               deeper               beam               would               work,               but               the               `Industry'               has               chosen               not               to               include               the               deeper               3-1/8               in.

wide               beams.
               Let's               check               the               beam               weights               (self               weights).
               For               the               5-1/8               in.

x               16-1/2               in.

beam:               is               the               total               load               including               self               weight               =               600               +               150               +               20.6               plf               =               770.6               plf               less               than               or               equal               to               the               `capacity'               of               776               plf?

Yes.

Good.
               For               the               6-3/4               x               15:               is               750               +               25               =               775               ≤               830?

Yes.

Good.
               Now               let's               see               how               much               they               each               weigh.
               Since               the               beam               weights               are               provided,               this               is               easy.
               The               5-1/8               x               16.5               weighs               20.6               plf               for               24               ft               giving               us               494               lb.
               The               6-3/4               x               15               weighs               24.6               plf               for               24               ft               giving               us               590               lb.
               Note               the               footnotes               to               the               Table               indicating               a               Specific               Weight               of               35               pounds               per               cubic               foot               was               used               for               the               Table.

Beams               in               various               service               conditions               might               indeed               weight               less               (or               maybe               more)               depending,               particularly,               on               Moisture               Content               of               the               wood.
               And               now               let's               calculate               the               `Board               Footage'               for               the               beam               options.
               Western               Species               5-1/8               in.

wide               beams               are               made               from               2               by               6s.

The               `2               by'               is               actually               1-1/2               in.,               giving               us               the               lamination               thickness.

A               16.5               in.

deep               beam               is               thus               made               from               16.5               /               1.5               =               11               lams.

Each               lam               has               a               board               footage               of               2               x               6               divided               by               1               x               12               or               12               /               12               =               1.00               Board               Foot               per               foot               of               length.

The               whole               section               is               made               from               11               of               such               lams,               so,               each               foot               of               beam               has               11               x               1.00               =               11.00               Board               Feet               (BF)               per               foot.

The               beam               is               24               ft               long,               so,               the               total               BF               is               11.00               BF               per               foot               x               24               ft               =               264               BF.
               Western               Species               6-3/4               in.

wide               beams               are               made               from               2               y               8s.

A               15               in.

deep               beam               is               thus               made               from               15               /               1.5               =               10               lams.

Each               lam               has               a               board               footage               of               2               x               8               divided               by               1               x               12               or               16               /               12               =               1.333               Board               Foot               per               foot               of               length.

The               whole               section               is               made               from               10               of               such               lams,               so,               each               foot               of               beam               has               10               x               13.33               =               13.33               Board               Feet               (BF)               per               foot.

The               beam               is               24               ft               long,               so,               the               total               BF               is               13.33               BF               per               foot               x               24               ft               =               320               BF.
               In               terms               of               a               formula:
               BF               =               (nom.

dim.

of               each               lam               /               12)               x               no.

of               lams               x               length               of               beam               x               no.

of               beams.
               Gosh,               we're               done!
               Our               beam               options               are:
               5-1/8               in.

x               16.5               in.

x               24               ft,               weighing               20.6               plf,               total               weight               494               lb,               264               BF;               and
               6-3/4               x               15               x               24,               weighing               24.6               plf,               total               weight               590               lb,               320               BF.
               The               particular               sizes               of               course               are               important               for               architectural               considerations               (clearance,               etc.).

The               weights               are               important               for               shipping               costs.

And               the               BF               values               will               probably               drive               the               costs               of               the               options.
               Our               final               specifications               for               this               example               should               also               include               the               `grade'               of               the               beam.

Table               DF-26               indicates               Fb               =               2400               psi               and               E               =               1.8               million               psi.

These               are               consistent               with               the               commonly               specified               24F-1.8E               Douglas               fir               beam.

Baby!



               References
               Table               DF-26,               Beam               Capacity,               Roof               Beams               -               Snow               Load,               American               Institute               of               Timber               Construction,               Centennial,               CO.
               Board               Foot               Measure,               Jeff               Filler,               Yahoo!

Contributor               Network.






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